卵巢 癌症
Overview
卵巢癌起源于卵巢细胞, 包括表面上皮细胞, 生殖细胞和性索间质细胞.
卵巢肿瘤包括:
- 生殖细胞肿瘤. 卵巢生殖细胞瘤由产生卵子的细胞发展而来. Most germ cell tumors are benign, although some are cancerous and may be life-threatening. 最常见的生殖细胞恶性肿瘤是成熟畸胎瘤, 异常生殖细胞瘤和内胚层窦瘤. 青少年和20多岁的女性最常被诊断为生殖细胞恶性肿瘤. 在联合化疗作为一种治疗方法之前, the most aggressive of these tumors – the GNP abnormal sinus tumor – was associated with a one-year disease-free survival rate of only 10 percent to 19 percent, 尽管70%的肿瘤很早就被诊断出来了. 今天, 然而, 90 percent of women with ovarian germ cell malignancies can be cured and their fertility preserved.
- 间质瘤. 卵巢 stromal tumors develop from connective tissue cells that hold the ovary together and those that produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone. 最常见的类型是颗粒-膜瘤和支持-间质细胞瘤. 这些肿瘤相当罕见，通常被认为是低级别癌症.
- 上皮肿瘤. 上皮性卵巢癌由薄层细胞发展而来, 叫做上皮, 它覆盖了卵巢. 大多数卵巢上皮性肿瘤是良性的, 包括浆液性腺瘤, 粘液腺瘤和勃勒纳瘤.
癌性上皮肿瘤是卵巢癌中最常见和最严重的, 占所有卵巢癌的85%到90%. Some ovarian epithelial tumors don't appear clearly cancerous under the microscope and are called borderline tumors or tumors of low malignant potential (LMP tumors).
当肿瘤局限于卵巢时，癌症被早期诊断, 治愈率达90%以上. 不幸的是, about two-thirds of women with ovarian cancer initially seek medical attention when the tumor is already advanced and has spread outside of the ovary. 在这些情况下，五年存活率明显较低.
我们治疗卵巢癌的方法
UCSF提供创新, 为卵巢癌患者提供支持性环境下的关爱. 我们的团队包括妇科肿瘤学家, 妇科肿瘤外科十大赌博平台排行榜, 放射肿瘤学家和在生殖癌症方面受过特殊训练的护士.
我们相信教育是治愈过程的重要组成部分. Our team works with each patient to help her understand her condition and all her treatment options, 这样我们才能一起决定最好的行动方案. 您的个人治疗方案将取决于癌症的进展程度, 你的年龄和整体健康状况.
We also offer genetic counseling for patients who may be at higher risk for developing ovarian cancer and other types of cancer that can run in families.
迹象 & 症状
卵巢癌通常在发展后期才出现体征或症状. 症状可能包括:
- 腹胀或肿胀
- 腹部或盆腔疼痛
- 进食困难或很快感到饱
- 尿频或感觉需要尿频
If these 症状 are persistent and a change from the norm, you should see a gynecologist.
卵巢癌的其他症状包括:
- 背部疼痛
- 便秘
- 乏力
- 月经的变化
- 性交时疼痛
- 胃不舒服
这些症状, 然而, 可能是由其他情况引起的，不一定是卵巢癌的征兆.
诊断
来帮助你找到症状的原因, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会评估你的病史, 进行身体检查并推荐诊断测试. 考试和测试可能包括以下一些内容:
- 骨盆检查. 盆腔检查包括摸子宫, 阴道, 卵巢, 输卵管, 检查膀胱和直肠的形状和大小是否有异常. A 巴氏早期癌变探查试验, 一种检测子宫颈癌的有效方法, 通常和盆腔检查一起做吗, 但这并不是发现或诊断卵巢癌的可靠方法.
- 超声波. 超声波 指的是使用针对卵巢的高频声波. 它们产生的回声模式形成了一幅叫做声波图的图像. 在这张照片上，健康组织、充满液体的囊肿和肿瘤看起来不同.
- ca - 125试验. 这是一种用来测量CA-125水平的血液测试, a tumor marker that is often found in higher-than-normal amounts in the blood of women with ovarian cancer.
- 低GI系列. 也作a 钡灌肠这是一系列结肠和直肠的x光片. 这些照片是在病人被灌肠后拍摄的, 含钡的白垩溶液, x光片上结肠和直肠的轮廓, 使肿瘤或其他异常区域更容易被发现.
- 计算机断层扫描(CT). A CT扫描 is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to a X-ray machine.
- 活组织检查. 活组织检查 要在显微镜下切除组织进行检查吗. 病理学家研究组织以作出诊断. To obtain the tissue, the surgeon performs a laparotomy, an operation to open the abdomen. If cancer is suspected, the surgeon performs an oophorectomy, where the entire ovary is removed. 这很重要，因为如果癌症出现, removing just a sample of tissue by cutting through the outer layer of the ovary could allow cancer cells to escape and cause the disease to spread.
治疗
Health care professionals specializing in pelvic cancers at UCSF Medical Center will discuss all available therapies with you and make recommendations based on the stage of your disease, 年龄和整体健康状况.
手术
手术 to remove the cancerous growth is the primary method for diagnosing and treating ovarian cancer. 在某些情况下，我们可以用 机器人手术, a minimally invasive technique that can reduce recovery time and the risk of surgical complications.
放射治疗
这种疗法使用高能射线来破坏癌细胞并阻止它们生长. It is a localized treatment, which means that it works to attack cancer cells in one area. 辐射可能来自一台大型机器, 什么叫外辐射, 或者直接放入卵巢的放射性物质, 称为种植体辐射. 有些病人同时接受两种类型的放射治疗.
化疗
Drugs to kill cancer cells are most often used when ovarian cancer has spread to other parts of the body. 患者可能只接受一种药物治疗，也可能在周期内接受多种药物的联合治疗. 化疗可通过静脉注射或口服给予. It is a systematic treatment, meaning that the drugs flow through the body in the bloodstream.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
更多治疗信息
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近距离放射疗法(HDR & 异地恋)
Radioactive material is placed inside a tumor or very close to it to treat the tumor and spare healthy tissue.
了解更多 -
腹腔高温化疗(HIPEC)
This advanced therapy for hard-to-treat abdominal cancers involves pumping heated chemotherapy drugs through the abdominal cavity.
了解更多 -
调强放射治疗(IMRT)
The advanced technique focuses strong radiation on the tumor and spares surrounding healthy tissue.
了解更多
在哪里获得护理 (6)
支持服务
冥想 & 癌症患者的引导图像
Drop in for a free class designed to help you heal, relax and find balance during your treatment. 十大赌博靠谱网络平台加州大学旧金山分校和非加州大学旧金山分校的患者.
