何杰金氏病 淋巴瘤

迹象 & 症状

霍奇金淋巴瘤的症状包括:

• 颈部、腋下或腹股沟淋巴结的无痛性肿胀
• Unexplained recurrent fevers
• 盗汗
• Unexplained weight loss
• 皮肤瘙痒

然而，这些症状并不一定是霍奇金淋巴瘤的征兆. 在大多数情况下，它们是由其他不太严重的疾病引起的，比如流感. 也就是说, when 症状 like these persist, 看十大赌博平台排行榜很重要，这样任何疾病都能得到诊断和治疗. Only a doctor can diagnose 何杰金氏病 lymphoma.

诊断

If 何杰金氏病 lymphoma is suspected, the doctor will ask about your medical history 和 perform a physical exam to check general signs of health. The exam includes feeling all the lymph nodes 和 feeling if the liver or spleen is enlarged. 除了, the doctor may order blood tests.

The doctor also may recommend tests that produce pictures of the inside of the body, such as:

• x射线. High-energy radiation is used to take pictures of areas inside the body, such as the chest, bones, liver 和 spleen.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan. A CT扫描 使用一束绕被检查区域旋转的细x射线. 计算机处理数据以构造三维的横截面图像.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (核磁共振成像). An 核磁共振成像 provides detailed pictures of areas inside the body that are produced with a powerful magnet linked to a computer.

The diagnosis also depends on a 活组织检查, during which a surgeon removes a sample of lymphatic tissue (part or all of a lymph node) so a pathologist can examine it under a microscope to check for cancer cells. Other tissues may be sampled as well. 病理学家研究组织并检查里德-斯特恩伯格细胞, 何杰金氏淋巴瘤中常见的大型异常细胞.

治疗

何杰金氏淋巴瘤的治疗取决于疾病的分期, the size of the enlarged lymph nodes, the 症状 that are present, the age 和 general health of the patient, 还有其他因素.

霍奇金淋巴瘤患者接受广泛的评估，可能包括:

• A general history 和 physical examination
• Multiple blood tests
• x射线
• Computed tomography (CT) scan
• PET扫描
• Bone marrow aspiration 和 活组织检查
• 淋巴结活检

放射治疗 和 chemotherapy are the most common treatments for 何杰金氏病 lymphoma, although bone marrow transplantation, peripheral stem cell transplantation 和 biological therapies are currently being studied in clinical trials.

放射治疗

放射治疗，也称为放射治疗，使用高能射线杀死癌细胞. Depending on the stage of the disease, 放疗可以单独进行，也可以与化疗一起进行. 放射治疗 is local therapy, meaning it only affects cancer cells in the treated area.

霍奇金淋巴瘤的放射治疗通常包括外照射, 来自一个机器，它将光线瞄准身体的特定区域. 外部辐射不会使身体具有放射性. 通常，治疗是在十大赌博平台排行榜或诊所的门诊基础上进行的.

化疗

化疗 uses drugs to kill cancer cells. 霍奇金淋巴瘤的化疗通常包括几种药物的联合治疗. 它可以单独使用，也可以随后进行放射治疗.

化疗 is usually given in cycles: a treatment period followed by a recovery period, then another treatment period 和 recovery period, 等等....... Although most anticancer drugs are given by injection into a blood vessel through an IV, some are given by mouth. 化疗 is a systemic therapy, 这意味着药物会进入血液并在全身流通.

通常, chemotherapy is an outpatient procedure, which means it can be given at the hospital, the doctor's office or at home. 然而, 这取决于服用的是哪种药物以及病人的总体健康状况, a short hospital stay may be needed.

The majority of patients receive chemotherapy every two weeks for approximately six months. 取决于初始阶段和肿瘤如何随着治疗而消退, more or less therapy may be required.

干细胞 transplants

At UCSF Medical Center, stem cell transplantation, also called bone marrow transplantation, 为许多复发性霍奇金淋巴瘤患者提供. 干细胞移植的类型取决于许多因素，包括:

• 年龄
• 目前的症状
• Response to prior treatments
• The availability of a donor

病人 are encouraged to consult with a stem cell transplantation doctor to learn more about 何杰金氏病 lymphoma, 治疗方法和干细胞移植.

干细胞, 或者骨髓, transplantation refers to the administration of high-dose chemotherapy followed by the infusion of stem cells. If the stem cells are collected from the hip bone, the procedure is called a bone marrow transplant. 如果用一种叫做白细胞分离术的方法从血液中收集干细胞, 这个过程被称为外周血干细胞移植.

今天, most transplantation procedures are performed using stem cells that have been collected from the peripheral blood. Peripheral stem cell transplantation is a method of giving high-dose chemotherapy 和 then replacing the blood-forming cells destroyed by chemotherapy with healthy stem cells.

Transplantation may be:

• 自体. 使用病人自己之前保存下来的血细胞
• 同种异体的. Using blood cells donated by someone else
• 同系的. Using blood cells donated by an identical twin

生物治疗

Biological therapies stimulate or restore the ability of the immune system to fight infection 和 disease. 除了, these therapies – also known as immunotherapy, biotherapy or biological response modifier (BRM) therapy – are used to lessen some of the side effects that may be caused by some cancer treatments.